What is foot and mouth disease?
vFoot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a highly infectious and sometimes fatal viral disease of cloven hoofed animals including cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats.
What causes foot and mouth disease?
vFoot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is caused by 7 immunologically distinct serotypes, O, A, C, Asia 1, South African Territories (SAT) 1, SAT 2, and SAT 3, which belong to the species Foot-and-mouth disease virus (genus Aphthovirus, family Picornaviridae).
How is it transmitted between animals?
vDirect contact with an infected animal .
vContact with things contaminated by saliva, milk and even blood of an infected animal including clothes and skin of animal handlers, such as farmers, farming equipment and vehicles.
vLong-distance aerosol spread .
Clinical signs in animals include :
vfever for two or three days.
vBlisters inside the mouth that lead to excessive secretion of saliva and to drooling.
vBlisters on the feet that may rupture and cause lameness.
vThough most animals eventually recover from FMD, the disease can lead to death.
Disease control and prevention :
vReporting of all suspected cases of disease.
vBurial of dead animals .
vThe suspected animal must be isolated, and no one who has been in contact with it should be allowed to go among other stock
vVaccination campaigns after diagnosing the strain of the disease.
vMonitoring borders between governorates to prevent livestock crossings.
Does FMD infect Humans?
v Humans can be infected with foot-and-mouth disease through contact with infected animals, but this is extremely rare.
v
Because the virus that causes FMD is sensitive to stomach acid, it cannot spread to humans via consumption of infected meat.
Symptoms include:
vHeadache
vFever
vMalaise
vLesions on the tongue, lips, the inside of the mouth, hands, and feet. Some of these lesions may be painful, but they tend to go away within one week.
The illness will heal itself within 2 to 3 weeks. It is not fatal nor does it leave any lasting scars
No treatment is available besides letting the illness run its course.
Conclusion :
v Foot and Mouth does not have health effects on humans, but humans can spread the disease to animals.
v The disease is serious for animal health and for the economics of the livestock industry.
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